II) Origins
III) Traditional Ecological Knowledge (Ethnobotany)
IV) Botany & Ecology
V) Ecological Succession, Eradication and Management
VI)
Invasive Species
VII) Native Plants and Kiawe Country
VIII) Entomology
IX) Faunal Associates
X) Mycology
XI) Chemistry and Nutrition
A) Medicinal Potential
B) Soluble Sugars
C) Endosperm Gum
XV) Exudate Gum
XVI) Leaves
XVII) Apiculture
A) Honey Production
B) Yields
C) Intercrop for Additional Bee
Forage
D) Pollen, Pollination and
Resource Conservation
E) Wax
F) Propolis
G) Kiawe White Honey
H) Medi Honey
I) Prosopis Mead
XVIII) Pods
A) Uses – human food, animal
food, beer, gum, fiber, protein, raw food
B) Beer
C) Animal Food
D) Aquaculture
E) Nutrition and Medicine –
nutritional composition, medicinal potential
F) Yield – theoretical yields
based on literature citations and harvesting methods:
G) Harvesting
H) Drying Methods and Equipment
I) Production Methods – Milling
and Processing
J) Hammermill Equipment options
K) Low Tech. Flour Processing
Notes
L) Factors that enhance pod
production
XIX) Wood
A) Artisan
B) Posts
C) Lumber
i) Value
ii)
Grading
iii) Milling Equipment
H) Woody Biomass
I) Charcoal
J) Firewood
i)
Rocket Stoves
ii)
Gasification
XX) Ethyl Alcohol
XXI) Energy Crops
XXII) Marketing
XXIII) Management Options for kiawe Forests
A) Soil Development
B) Animal Control
C)
Intercropping with Kiawe
D) Mixed species agroforest
E) Golf Courses
F) Managing Dense Weedy Thickets
(Early animal origin infestation = energy production)
G) Pruning
H) Fire
I) Fuelwood
J) Managing Coppice Prosopis
K) Cloning Elite Trees
L) Clonal Propagation
M) Active Cultivation with
irrigation
XXIV) Social Forestry
XXV) Education
XXVI) Case Study: Puakō Hawaii
A) History of the Place – Coral
Reef and Fishing Village to Cane, Cattle, Residences and Resorts
1) Reef,
Microclimate, Protective Forest
2)
Agriculture
3)
Parker Ranch
4) Honey
5)
Natural Forces
6)
Hydrology
7)
Coconut Nursery
8) Land
Stewardship
9)
Resort and Residential Perspective
B) Puako Productivity – forest
types vs. yield
C) Harvesting Bioenergy
D) Harvesting Pods
E) Champion Trees
F) Site Analysis
G) Goals
H) Fire Mitigation
I) Hydrology and Irrigation
J) Flood Mitigation
K) Firebreak and Flood
Mitigation
1)
C.S.A. and Living Firebreak
2)
Panini Borders and Living Succulent Firebreaks
L) Aquaculture
1) Algae
M) Nursery Establishment
N) Orchard Establishment
O) Integrated Living System
Design
P) Product Diversification;
Susccession Economics; Increase Biological Diversity
Q) Pilot Study
1)
Accounting for pilot study
2) Total
Cost Analysis
3)
Methods – economic comparison of the cost effectiveness of different methods
R) Native and Indigenous /
Culturally Appropriate Species
1) Ala
he ‘e understory – flower essence (essential oils and carving wood)
2)
Loulu, Kōu, Milo and Monkey Pod Overstory (lumber and utensils)
3)
Intercrop Coconuts, Neem, and Hawaiian Ipu Gourds
4)
Kō (Sugar Cane) Intercrop – for ethanol production
5) Novel
Introduced Species
S) Crops for Bio-energy
production
T) Animal graze (cows, goats,
sheep, pigs, chickens – biological conversion and solution to labor)
U) Fungi Cultivation
V) Economic Assessment
1)
Value-Added Products
2) Wood
(lumber/biofuel)
3)
Community Bio-Energy
4)
Gasification
5) Honey
Production Analysis
6) Pod
Production Analysis
7) Ethyl
Alcohol from kiawe pod flour
8)
People and Acres
9)
Harvesting Labor
10)
Equipment Needs - Natural Products Laboratory and Nursery
11)
Energy Needs
W) Education
X) Carbon Credits
Y) Recommendations
1) Fire
Mitigation
2) Flood
Mitigation
3) Forest
Upgrade
4)
Diverse Pod Products
5) Neem
Treatments
6) Honey Production
7) Increase Biodiversity
8) Effluent Recycling
9) Zoning, Labor, Housing and Transport
10) Management
11)
Education
12)
Frisbee Golf
13)
Kiawe Art
14)
Further Research
XXVII) Local Implications
XXVIII) Global Implications
XXX) Summary
XXXI) Glossary
XXXII) Appendix
XXXIII) Acknowledgements
XXXIV) Works Cited